Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The two most common types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis affects the large intestine and rectum, while Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus. Symptoms of IBD can vary, but may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fatigue. The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. IBD is not the same as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a functional disorder of the digestive system that is not caused by inflammation. Treatment for IBD may include medications such as anti-inflammatories, immune system suppressors, and biologics, as well as lifestyle changes such as stress management and a healthy diet. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged or diseased parts of the digestive tract. It is important for people with IBD to work closely with their healthcare team to manage their condition and achieve the best possible quality of life.
