Colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the inside of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is commonly used to screen for colon cancer, a type of cancer that affects the colon and rectum and is the third most common cancer in both men and women. Colonoscopy can also be used to diagnose and treat other problems of the colon and rectum, such as inflammation, ulcers, and polyps. During a colonoscopy, the patient lies on their side on an exam table while the healthcare provider inserts a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope into the rectum. The colonoscope has a light and a camera on the end, which allows the healthcare provider to view the inside of the colon and rectum on a video monitor. The procedure usually takes 30 to 60 minutes to complete and may be performed with or without sedation, depending on the patient’s preference and the complexity of the procedure. Colonoscopy is generally a safe and effective procedure, although some patients may experience mild discomfort or cramping during the procedure. The healthcare provider will explain the procedure to the patient and provide instructions on how to prepare for the test, including dietary and bowel preparation. It is important for the patient to follow these instructions and ask any questions they may have before the procedure begins.
